Репозиторий Университета

© 2018, Silicea-Poligraf. All rights reserved. Aim. To evaluate the prevalence of myocarditis in adult patients with non-compaction myocardium (NCM) of the left ventricle (LV), and its influence on the disease course, results of treatment and outcomes. Material and methods. To the study, 103 adult patients included, with NCM, 61 males, mean age 45,6±14,9 y. o. (from 18 to 78). Mean end diastolic LV size was 6,0±0,8 сm, EF LV 38,8±14,5%. Diagnosis of NCM had been done by echocardiography, multispiral computed tomography (n=81) and magnetic resonance tomography (n=39). DNA-diagnostics was performed by NGS method with further Senger sequencing. Pathogenic mutations were found in 9% of patients in the genes MYH7, MyBPC3, LAMP2, DES, DSP, TTN. The investigation also included anticardiac antibodies, genome of cardiotropic viruses by PCR, coronary arteriography (n=26), scintigraphy (n=25). Morphological assessment of the myocardium was done in 19 patients (12 endomyocardial biopsies), 1 intraoperation biopsy, 3 explanted hearts, incl. 2 after biopsy, and 5 autopsies. Mean follow-up 12 [2; 32] months. Results. Myocarditis was found in 53,4%, incl. virus-positive in 32,7% of those, with morphology done for 19 patients (active myocarditis in 10, borderline in 6; with minimal signs of activeness in 3). Viral genome in myocardium found in 8 patients (42,1%). The prevalence of myocarditis 44,4% in an arrhythmic variant of NCM, 12,5% in chronic ischemic, 57,5% in dilation cardiomyopathy, 50,0% in NCM patients with other cardiomyopathies. Special cases were acute/subacute myocarditis in NCM (10,7% of all), acute necrosis (infarction) in 4,9%. Comorbidity with myocarditis in NCM led to significantly more severe LV dysfunction (CHF FC 2 [1; 3] v 1,75 [0; 2], p<0,01, EF 33,8±13,5 v 44,7±13,6%, p<0,001), more prevalent non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (67,3% v 29,3%, p<0,01), proper shocks (38,9% v 0, p<0,05), deaths (16,4 and 4,2%, OR 5,75, 95% CI 1,21-27,43, p<0,05) and transplantation (7,3% v 2,1%, p>0,05). Only in myocarditis patients, as a result of basis (antiviral, immune suppression) and cardiotropic therapy there was significant increase of EF (in acute myocarditis from 25,4±7,9 to 38,6±9,5%, p<0,01), decrease of LV size and pulmonary systolic pressure. Conclusion. Myocarditis is typical phenomenon developing in patients with the primary, i. e. genetically verified NCM. The nature of myocarditis in NCM varies (primary infectious-autoimmune, secondary as a response on genetic/ischemic damage of cardiomyocytes), however regardless of this, it leads to significant worsening of structural and functional parameters, increase of the life-threatening arrhythmias rate, and outcomes (death + transplantation, proper shocks), demanding for active basic therapy.

© Copyright 2018 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd. This paper is concerned with the studies of a natural nanomaterial which is bacterial cellulose synthesised by Gluconacetobacter hansenii producer strain. It covers different fields of bacterial cellulose use, including medicine. The research has proved that bacterial cellulose matrices with immobilised cells have high potential as immobilisers of cells, including making probiotics of prolonged action. The matrices consisted of bacterial cellulose films were prepared by static cultivation of G. hansenii GH-1/2008 strain in the liquid medium. We have developed methods of washing out end toxins and producer cells of the films in the solutions of sodium bicarbonate, sodium dodecyl sulphate, and sodium hydroxide. The LAL-test has revealed that washing the films with sodium dodecyl sulphate is more efficient. By means of electron scanning and atomic force microscopy (AFM), we have determined that bacterial cellulose matrices have a layered structure, smooth surface, and adhesion of E. coli test strain cells. The adhesive capacity, the energy of adhesion and contact angle is higher for 50 um thick films than for 20 um thick ones. The bacterial cellulose matrices obtained by the biosynthesis of G. hansenii strain can be recommended for the immobilisation of different producer cells.

© 2018 Czech Academy of Sciences. The population structures of different species of Calliphoridae flies are highly diverse at different locations. We investigated populations of the Eastern European L. sericata using chaetotaxy and eight microsatellite loci. Our results strongly indicate that a panmictic population of L. sericata exists in the area studied, possibly with a high rate of intra-population gene flow. Analysis of chaetotaxy also supports the panmictic population hypothesis.

© 2018, SPb RAACI. Periodontal disease, including gum disease, gingivitis, periodontitis and periodontal disease is frequently associated with progressive loss of bone and soft periodontal tissues. Recent studies suggest effectiveness of platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor and other growth factors, which may stimulate regeneration of connective and bone tissue. A number of cytokines and growth factors participate in regulation of angiogenesis, but vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most powerful agent, acting directly on the vascular endothelium. VEGF detected in saliva and endothelial cells of periodontium. VEGF plays a dominant role both in periodontal health maintenance as well as in chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. The aim of this work was to develop implementation of VEGF in periodontology, and a search for laboratory markers of therapeutic efficiency in periodontitis. We observed 19 patients aged 53-79 years with I-II grade periodontitis. In frames of periodontal therapy, the patients used a drug "Rebon. Gel for Gum" ("GF group", Russia). The drug represents a composition of bioresorbable carbohydrates on the basis of carboxymethylcellulose, forming the cellular basis for similar extraclean matrix. It contains different sodium, potassium, phosphorus, chlorine salts in order to balance the tissue pH, and a complex of glycated recombinant polypeptides identical to cytokines and human growth factors. ELISA method was used in the biological samples for detection of VEGF, human isoform A-165 ("SCI store" Ltd., Russia), and IFNγ (JSC "Vector Best", Russia). All our patients noted a decrease in pain after the treatment, as well as a significant acceleration of healing processes in oral cavity. Observation of the oral cavity state showed good dynamics and acceleration of bone tissue regeneration. After the treatment course, the level of IFNγ increased from 14.48 to 27.45 pg/ml. The difference before and after treatment values was significant (p = 0.022), despite a sufficient range of measured values. VEGF in gingival fluid showed a large scatter of values, from 26 to 279 pg/ml before treatment, and 16 to 198 pg/ml after treatment. Generally, a tendency for VEGF decrease was observed after treatment. To diagnose the current state of the periodontium, an importance of analyses of the gingival sulcus fluid is actual. The developed diagnostic approaches based on measuring the IFNγ, VEGF levels in screening and monitoring regimens help to provide a more effective treatment. Introduction of a complex preparation with growth factors and peptidoglycan-recognizing protein seems to accelerate epithelialization and regeneration of connective and bone tissue.

© 2018 Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. It is intended in this study to present initial reliability and validity data for the Russian adaptation of the Multidimensional Inventory of Religious/Spiritual Well-being (MI-RSWB-R), as being related to personality factors and psychopathology. Therefore, the first version of the MI-RSWB-R was applied to a sample of 192 (147 females) non-clinical subjects, together with the NEO Five Factor Inventory and the Symptom-Check-List (SCL-90-R). The original six-factor structure of the scale could be replicated for the MI-RSWB-R, which also provides satisfying psychometric properties. In accordance with previous research the RSWB total score was linked to more favorable personality traits such as Extraversion (r =.45), Openness to Experience (r =.39), and Agreeableness (r =.38), which was paralleled by substantial negative correlations with increased psychopathology. Our findings support the reliability and structural validity of the MI-RSWB-R as a standardized instrument for addressing the spiritual dimension in Russian populations. Further research in clinical surroundings is now recommended.

© 2018 by the Serbian Biological Society. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of DL-homocysteine (DL-Hcy) and DL-homocysteine thiolactone (DL-Hcy TLHC) on selected serum biochemical parameters, markers of oxidative stress and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD)) in the plasma, as well as on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the cardiac tissue homogenate in the rat. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups as follows: control group (1 mL 0.9% NaCl, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection), DL-Hcy group (8 mmol/kg body mass (b.m.), i.p.) or DL-Hcy TLHC group (8 mmol/kg b.m., i.p.). One hour after administration, the rats were euthanized, whole blood was collected for biochemical analysis, and the heart was excised. Following the i.p. administration of DL-Hcy and DL-Hcy TLHC, the activities of antioxidant enzymes were mostly significantly increased, while plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased. Administration of DL-Hcy and DL-Hcy TLHC significantly inhibited AChE activity in rat cardiac tissue. Our findings suggest that DL-Hcy and DL-Hcy TLHC exerted prooxidant effects; however, the decrease in MDA points to an inverse response to the increase in antioxidant enzyme activities. While both substances inhibited AChE activity in rat cardiac tissue, DL-Hcy TLHC induced stronger effects than DL-Hcy.

© 2018, Slovenska Vzdelavacia Obstaravacia. All rights reserved. The topicality of the research lies in the fact that the challenges of the last decades, especially the last few years, caused the growth of crime, violence, extremist and terrorist sentiments, and extensively involved youth in these processes. For these reasons, there is an acute need to study aggression and social aggression, especially the aggressive behavior of youth. An interpretive comprehension of these phenomena by social philosophers is important because aggression, in any form, is a social construct, is formed and manifested in social interaction; and the use of philosophical methods allows studying all the factors that influence its formation: political, economic, social, psychological and others. In this paper, we present a review and analysis of various approaches to understand human and social aggression, their generalization, and develop a general and comprehensive point of view relate to their nature and determinacy. The methodology of the research is based on the universal laws governing the development of nature, human society, and thought: dialectical synthesis, the transformation of quantity into quality, and the identity of opposites; the philosophical theory of determinism; and system-activity approach. The leading theoretical methods to study this issue are concerned with the content analysis of scientific papers relevant to the research problem, and, hence, consider the factors associated with the formation and manifestation of aggressiveness in general and social aggression in particular. The paper provides a definition of the phenomenon of social aggression considering it as a system of aggressor's attitudes and behaviors in the interaction, his intention of inflicting damage or other unpleasantness upon another individual, the aim to create more efficient (dominant) terms of interaction and activity, and/or cause damage to the target victims. Using system-activity approach to characterize the phenomenon the following features have been distinguished: a specific way of organizing activities, rationality, a temporal duration, purposefulness, practicality, introductory nature, a possibility of control and self-control, invertibility and duality caused by human consciousness as the only factor. The authors hope that the materials of the article might be of theoretical and practical value for developing programs aimed at the prevention of aggression, especially social youth aggression, and bring the process of social adaptation and socialization of young people back to the normal state, thus reducing the risk of destructive tendencies.

© 2018 Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved. The objective of the present work was to develop the method for the visualization of the shape of the bone surface in the region of its traumatic damage based on the results of the analysis of a single X-ray image for the solution of the problems facing forensic medical expertise and traumatology. The three-dimensional models of the fractures of the long tubular bones constructed with the use of the visualization technique were shown to adequately reproduce the morphological picture of the injury. It allowed to enhance the potential of the forensic medical analysis and the accuracy of the diagnostic methods employed for the purposes of forensic medical expertise.

© Authors. The information society reveals the social impact of the dissemination of information technologies. The purpose of this article is to study the negative social, psychological, and pedagogical implications of the Internet on young people. The authors analyzed the internet addiction problem among students (14-19 years) from the standpoint of the social health of the individuals and society as a whole. In a pilot study, which involved more than 600 adolescent participants aged 14-19 years (secondary school, college and university students), the authors have defined internet addiction as a complex phenomenon. The prerequisites of its development identify and highlights its formation in stages among students (mild fascination, passion, addiction, attachment). At the ascertaining stage of the experiment, a screening study was carried out to examine the state of internet addiction in young students in social networks. The results showed the necessity to design and implement internet addiction prevention programs for young students, which include three main blocks (motivational and cognitive, practice-oriented, reflexive), and a systematic plan for its implementation in the educational space framework. The stages of the experiment provided evidence of the authors' proposed effectiveness of methodologies for young people aged 14-19 years. This article may be useful to pedagogues, psychologists, and parents of students, social workers, and researchers working in the field of addiction prevention among young people.

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. The use of polymeric carriers to deliver hydrophobic photosensitizers has been widely discussed as a way to improve both fluorescence diagnostic and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancers; however, the photophysical and pharmacokinetic parameters, as well as the PDT activity, of such modifications have, until now, only been poorly investigated. The purpose of the present study was to explore the efficacy of PDT with the formulation of the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) in combination with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in comparison with Ce6 alone and with the clinical drug, Photodithazine in a mouse tumor model. We also investigated the photoactivity of the Ce6-PVA in a model reaction of tryptophan oxidation, analyzed the polymer–Ce6 interaction using fluorescence spectroscopy and atomic-force microscopy, and tested the phototoxicity in vitro. Using fluorescence imaging in vivo we found that injection to mice of Ce6 in a formulation with PVA resulted in a higher tumor-to-normal ratio and greater photobleaching when compared with either the use of Ce6 alone, or with the effects of Photodithazine. Tumor growth study and histological examination of CT26 tumors revealed fast, reproducible tumor regression and more advanced necrosis after PDT with Ce6-PVA. The higher photoactivity of the Ce6-PVA complex was confirmed in a model reaction of tryptophan oxidation and in cultured cells. Therefore, encapsulation of Ce6 in PVA represents a promising strategy for further increasing the selectivity and efficacy of PDT.

© 2018 SPIE.  We have investigated the influence of indium content (x) increase on spectral characteristics of In x Ga 1-x As photoconductor. To avoid the mismatch between crystalline parameters of In x Ga 1-x As and GaAs wafer we proposed to incorporate a step-graded metamorphic buffer layer. We showed that x increase strongly enhances THz emission and broadens THz spectrum of In x Ga 1-x As. Since no polarity rehearsal of the THz waveform occurs and electron diffusion mobility increases up to 90% with x increase we attribute the increase of THz intensity to photo-Dember effect contribution. The maximum efficiency of optical-to-THz conversion was obtained for In 0.72 Ga 0.28 As at optical fluence ∼0.01 μJ=cm 2 . The fabricated photoconductors can be used as promising photo-Dember or lateral photo-Dember THz emitters in pulsed THz spectroscopy and imaging, in particular, operating with long wave optical pump.

© 2018, Bionika Media Ltd. All rights reserved. The implementation of the INTERGROWTH-21st fetal growth and newborn size for gestation age standards into clinical practice in Russia were discussed and debated. The INTERGROWTH-21st Project was implemented in more than eight countries from 2009 to 2018. All study protocols and primary findings are available online (intergrowth21. org). Briefly, eight diverse urban populations living in demarcated geographical areas were selected where: environments were free from major known pollutants; altitude was less than 1600 m; most women accessed antenatal and delivery care in institutions; mean birth weight was greater than 3100 g; rates of low birth weight (< 2500 g) were less than 10%, and perinatal mortality was less than 20 per 1000 births. The INTERGROWTH-21st study comes as a high-quality response to the common dilemma of lack of standardization in fetal growth assessment. Its use should be encouraged among Russian specialists in maternal-fetal medicine, obstetricians and radiologists.

© 2018 Medical Education. All rights reserved. The aim of this study was pharmacoeconomic evaluation of treatment with reslizumab compared to omalizumab in severe eosinophilic asthma. Methods. The study was based on indirect comparison between omalizumab and reslizumab in patients with severe asthma using published data. Costs of treatment with omalizumab, reslizumab, combinations of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-agonists (ICS/LABA), outpatient treatment, treatment of exacerbations and adverse events were also compared. Сost-effectiveness analysis and budget impact analysis were used. Results. According to results of cost-effectiveness analysis, therapy with reslizumab dominated over therapy with omalizumab in patients with severe asthma in term of exacerbation rate requiring treatment with systemic steroids. According to results of budget impact analysis, switching of 100 patients from omalizumab to reslizumab could save RUB 51.99 million per year that corresponds to 36.6% reduction in general direct costs for treatment of severe asthma. Conclusion. The results of this study demonstrated economic advantage of reslizumab over omalizumab in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma.

© ISUCT Publishing. The macrolide antibiotic oligomycin A (1), produced by actinomycetes Streptomyces,[1] is a well-known inhibitor of FO F1 ATP-synthase, which is regarded as a molecular target for new drugs in the treatment of tumors and infections. Oligomycin A (1) exhibits antifungal and cytotoxic activities, but Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria are resistant to 1 except actinobacteria.[2] In micromolar concentrations, oligomycin binds to FO c-subunit, blocks proton translocation and disrupts bioenergetic metabolism.[3] However, a clinical application of oligomycin A is limited by high cytotoxicity for mammalian cells. The searches of new derivatives of oligomycin A with more selective pharmacological activity and low toxicity for normal cells are of great interest. New semi-synthetic oligomycins also would be valuable for SAR studies and depicting the mechanism of FO F1 ATP-synthase inhibition. The complicity of oligomycin structure and its lability in basic conditions[4] significantly impede modifications and an applicability of this antibiotic. However, previously we have managed this challenge and developed some modifications of the side chain and chemical transformations of the lactone moiety of 1.[4-9] In this paper, throughout our research we describe synthesis and biological investigation of novel oligomycin A derivatives, namely 16,33-O,O-diformyl-16,17-dihydro-16(S),17(R)-dihydroxyoligomycin A (3) and 33-O-formyloligomycin A (4). First, we have studied Prilezhaev epoxidation of double bonds in core structure of oligomycin A. It was found that treatment 1 with m-CPBA at -17oC in dichloromethane led to 16,17-epoxyoligomycin (2). Unfortunately, all attempts for isolation of product 2 were failed due to its instability on silica gel, and, consequently, we were unable to determine the structure of 2 by direct physicochemical and spectral methods. The presence of epoxide at C16-C19 positions was confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry, but its exact localization was still elusive. We assumed that it might be at C16-C17 positions, because C18-C19 double bond is hindered by ethyl side chain at C20. In order to obtain a stable oligomycin A derivative we performed an epoxide ring-opening reaction by the treatment of the crude epoxyoligomycin 2 with formic acid. This acid-catalyzed opening of the epoxide accompanied with acylation of 33-OH group and led to16,33-O,O-diformyl-16,17-dihydro-16(S),17(R)-dihydroxyoligomycin A (3). The structure of 3 was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry. Configurations at C16 and C17 positions were determined by detecting correlations in1H-1H ROESY spectrum. Obtained results allowed to confirm an assumption about localization of the epoxide ring and establish the structure of 2 as (R,R)-16,17-epoxyoligomycin A, since inversion of configuration has taken place at the attacked carbon atom.[23] It is known that O-acyl derivatives of pharmacologically active agents are widely used as prodrugs.[24] Acylation of 2-hydroxypropyl side chain in 2 prompts us to examine the reaction of oligomycin A (1) with formic acid. Thus, stirring the solution of 1 in HCOOH (98 %) for 2 h at room temperature afforded 33-O-formyloligomycin A (4) in a good yield. The structure of 4 was confirmed by NMR-spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry. Also, biological data of new derivatives were evaluated. The modification of C16-C17 positions of the macrocycle as well as acylation of C33 hydroxyl group led to the decreasing of activity against S. fradiae, Candida spp. and filamentous fungi. Obtained results were in agreement with docking studies. A simulation of an interaction of 1, 3 and 4 with the FO subunit of the ATP-synthase (PDB: 4f4s) revealed that these modifications led to a significant change in the solvation energy and an increase in the conformational capacity of the ligands during the binding with the target. This resulted in decrease of the binding affinity for derivatives 2, 3. However, 33-O-formyloligomycin A (4) showed similar antiproliferative activity against tumor cell lines (HCT-116 colon carcinoma, К562 myeloid leukemia cell lines and MDR K562/4 subline) as for 1, but less cytotoxic for non-malignant human cells.

© 2018, Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy. All rights reserved. The aim of the study was to demonstrate a good diagnostic potential of atomic force microscopy (AFM) in tracking morphological changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of connective tissue due to pathological processes. Here we summarize our experience in AFM application in a number of biomedical studies on the connective tissue disease, both for the research and clinical purposes. Materials and Methods. Depending on the project application (experimental or clinical), the tissue specimens were harvested either from animals, or from patients in the course of their surgical treatment, or post mortem. AFM images of fixed tissue slices on glass slides were acquired with a Solver P47 AFM instrument (NT-MDT, Russia), in the semi-contact mode. For mechanical properties mapping, the images were acquired on air in the PeakForce Quantitative Nanomechanical Mapping mode (PeakForce QNM®), using a MultiMode 8 atomic force microscope (Bruker, USA). The regions of interest for scanning were selected in accordance with the histological assignments for the same sample, based on the view of a sample in the built-in optical microscope of the AFM instrument setup. To quantify the changes in the ECM morphology visualized by AFM imaging, we applied flicker-noise spectroscopy parameterization. Results. AFM has been shown to reveal visible deviations from the normal morphology of the ECM in diseased tissues. We found that AFM and related techniques are capable of tracking disease-related changes at different levels of collagen organization in the ECM. At the microscale, AFM may detect loosening and disorganization of collagen fibers (e.g., in a dysplastic process), or the opposite process of their packing into tight parallel bundles in a fibrotic process. AFM may also monitor the ratio between collagen and non-fibrous material of the ECM, for example, in inflammatory and neoplastic processes. At the level of collagen fibrils, AFM may reveal early signs of the matrix destruction and remodeling not visible at the microscopic level. The flicker-noise spectroscopy parameters provide quantification of the morphological changes visualized by AFM. The PeakForce QNM® and nanoindentation studies give a further insight into the state of ECM via tracking changes in the local mechanical and adhesive properties. All our AFM studies appeared in a good agreement with the histological findings and generally had a superior sensitivity to pathology-related ECM rearrangements. Conclusion. AFM may serve as a valuable complementary diagnostic tool for tracking pathological changes in the connective tissue.

© Authors. The present study was conducted in Semnan Science and Technology Park and aimed to analyze the relationship among intellectual property rights, open innovation, and organizational performance of 30 New Technology Based Firms (NTBFs). Senior managers, middle managers, and business owners were considered as appropriate respondents for study. A total of 140 questionnaires were distributed among the respondents, and 126 filled questionnaires were returned. The research method used in this study is descriptive-correlation and the analysis was carried out utilizing Structural Equation Modeling. The factors analysis and the findings show that intellectual property rights have a significant positive relationship with open innovation. Further, open innovation has a significant positive relationship with organizational performance. Moreover, no significant relationship between intellectual property rights and organizational performance was established. But, intellectual property rights affect organizational performance positively, through open innovation acting as a mediator.

© COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. We have developed cryo-applicators based on the sapphire shaped crystals fabricated using the edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) and noncapillary shaping (NCS) techniques. Due to the unique physical properties of sapphire: i.e. high thermal, mechanical, and chemical strength, impressive thermal conductivity and optical transparency, these cryo-applicators yield combination of the tissue cryo-destruction with its exposure to laser radiation for controlling the thermal regimes of cryosurgery, and with the optical diagnosis of tissue freezing. We have applied the proposed sapphire cryo-applicators for the destruction of tissues in vitro. The observed results highlight the prospectives of the sapphire cryo-applicators in cryosurgery.

© 2018 Medical Education. All rights reserved. Mild asthma is characterized by infrequent and slight clinical manifestations and, therefore, is paid lack of attention both from patients and physicians. Physicians tend to underestimate risk of severe exacerbations including asthmatic status in patients with mild asthma. Patients with mild asthma are often poorly adherent to treatment. Also, certain difficulties are related to timely and correct diagnosis and the choice of the optimal treatment by primary care physicians who are first physicians encountering such patients. The paradoxus of asthma and use of short-acting β2-agonists (SABA) to treat chronic airway inflammation lead to excessive dependence on rescue inhalers and insufficient adherence to maintenance anti-inflammatory therapy. This could trigger acute exacerbations and even fatal outcomes in patients with mild asthma. Therefore, SABA monotherapy has to be limited. Easy-to-use questionnaires, algorithms and treatment protocols accessible for primary care physicians could improve detection of mild asthma. Favorable results of clinical trials on as-needed use of budesonide/formoterol Turbuhaler® could change the management paradigm for mild asthma regarding risk of exacerbations, control of asthma symptoms, airway inflammation, and cost-efficacy.

© 2018 SPIE. Application of terahertz (THz) spectroscopy for biological tissues is strongly limited by the extremely low penetration depth due to THz absorption by tissue water. One of the possible solution of such problem is the usage of THz wave penetration-enhancing agents (PEA) for optical clearing of tissues. In the present paper, the transmission-mode THz spectroscopy of a set of PEAs (polyethylene glycol with different molecular weight, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, and dimethyl sulfoxide) was performed in order to reconstruct their dielectric properties and compare them with that of water. The obtained results emphasize the feasibility of using PEG to enhance the depth of THz wave penetration into tissues.

© 2018 Ima-Press Publishing House. All Rights Reserved. In 2015, the experts from various medical associations of Russia elaborated the clinical guidelines "Rational use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in clinical practice". These guidelines were drawn up to improve the use of NSAIDs, our country's most popular agents to treat pain in acute and chronic diseases. The main purpose of this paper was to reduce the frequency of potentially dangerous class-specific adverse events (AE) that may arise from the use of NSAIDs. To do this, the authors proposed a NSAID choice algorithm based on the assessment of risk factors for AE, the individual characteristics of various representatives of this drug group, and the possibility of prevention of AE. Since then, new data on the efficacy and safety of NSAIDs have been obtained. This has necessitated the revision and addition of a number of provisions in the 2015 guidelines. It seems that the new version of the guidelines, which has been drawn up based on the analysis of a large number of clinical and epidemiological studies, their meta-analysis, by taking into account the clinical experience and opinion of the world's leading experts, presents more fully the main aspects of the use of NSAIDs in real clinical practice. The guidelines are intended for physicians of all specialties.